Molecular Weight: 114.04 g/mol

Normal Boiling Point: -29.45 °C to -29.5 °C

Critical Temperature: 94.7 °C

Critical Pressure: 33.82 bar (3.38 MPa)

Liquid Density: 1,091.91 kg/m³ (0°C) / 1,160.40 kg/m³ (5°C)

Latent Heat (Vaporization): 160.02 kJ/kg (at 5°C)

Liquid Viscosity: 197.10 μPa·s (at 5°C)

Thermal Conductivity: 69.95 mW/m·K (at 5°C)

Temperature Glide: < 1.74 °C (0.1–2 MPa)

Flammability Limits:

Lower (LFL): 6.5% by volume (72 g/m³) .

Upper (UFL): 12.3% by volume (135 g/m³) .

Note: Compared to R290 (propane, A3), R1234yf has a much narrower flammable range and is harder to ignite .

Auto-ignition Temperature: 405 °C

Reactivity: Stable under normal conditions, but can react violently with strong oxidizing agents. Decomposes in fire, potentially releasing hydrogen fluoride (HF) .

Solubility: R1234yf is water-soluble . (Note: In refrigeration systems, water is generally a contaminant; proper dehydration during service is critical).

Charge Limits: Due to A2L flammability, international standards (IEC 60335-2-89) limit charges. Recent updates allow up to 1,200g for A2L refrigerants in self-contained commercial appliances (up from 150g), provided specific safety measures are met .

Toxicity & Exposure: Generally low toxicity, but direct contact can cause irritation to eyes, skin, and respiratory tract. Inhalation of high concentrations may cause dizziness or asphyxiation .

Compatibility: R1234yf is not a direct "drop-in" for R134a or R404A systems. It requires specific PAG oils and component re-engineering (compressors, expansion devices) due to different pressures and material compatibility