• Refrigerant Supplier

    Shandong Do Sender Chemicals Co.,Ltd.

  • What Are Refrigerants?

    Key Principle: Refrigerants work based on the physical principle that liquids absorb heat when they vaporize and release heat when they condense. This phase-change cycle enables efficient heat transfer in heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and refrigeration (HVAC&R) systems.

    Refrigerants are working fluids used in refrigeration cycles, air conditioning systems, and heat pumps. These substances undergo repeated phase transitions from liquid to gas and back again, enabling them to absorb heat from one area and release it in another.

    The ideal refrigerant has specific thermodynamic properties including appropriate boiling point, high latent heat of vaporization, chemical stability, non-flammability, non-toxicity, and environmental compatibility. Historically, refrigerants have evolved from natural compounds to synthetic chemicals and back to natural alternatives due to environmental concerns.

  • Historical Development of Refrigerants

    The development of refrigerants has progressed through four distinct generations

    First Generation (1830s-1930s)

    Natural refrigerants like ammonia, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and hydrocarbons

    Second Generation (1930s-1990s)

    Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) like R-12 and R-22

    Third Generation (1990s-2010s)

    Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) like R-134a and R-410A

    Fourth Generation (2010s-Present)

    Low-GWP alternatives including HFOs, natural refrigerants, and blends

  • Our Product

    Second Generation

    Third Generation

    Blended Refrigerant

    Fourth Generation

    R22

    R23

    R32

    R404A

    R407C

    R1234YF

    HFC-134A

    R143A

    R410A

    R507A

    HFC-125

    R152A

  • Refrigerant Types and Properties

    Modern refrigerants are classified based on their chemical composition, environmental impact, and applications. Understanding these classifications is essential for system design, regulatory compliance, and environmental stewardship.

  • About Refrigerants

    Technical FAQ

    What is a refrigerant and how does it work in cooling systems?

    A refrigerant is a chemical compound that absorbs and releases heat as it circulates through refrigeration and air conditioning systems. It works through phase changes between liquid and vapor states, absorbing heat from the environment when evaporating (in the evaporator) and releasing heat when condensing (in the condenser). This thermodynamic cycle, typically following the vapor-compression principle, enables the transfer of heat from indoors to outdoors in cooling applications.

    What is the Kigali Amendment and how does it affect refrigerant usage?

    The Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol is an international agreement adopted in 2016 to phase down hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) refrigerants due to their high global warming potential. Ratified by over 120 countries, it mandates an 80-85% reduction in HFC consumption by 2047, driving the transition to low-GWP alternatives like HFOs and natural refrigerants. The amendment has significant implications for HVAC&R manufacturers, contractors, and building owners worldwide, requiring system redesigns and alternative refrigerant adoption.

    What are the safety considerations when handling refrigerants?

    Refrigerant safety involves multiple considerations:

    1) Toxicity: Some refrigerants like ammonia are toxic and require special handling

    2) Flammability: Hydrocarbons (R-290, R-600a) and some HFOs are flammable and require system modifications

    3) High Pressure: CO₂ (R-744) operates at extremely high pressures requiring specialized equipment

    4) Asphyxiation risk: All refrigerants can displace oxygen in confined spaces

    5) Environmental release: Regulations prohibit venting of most refrigerants. Proper training, certification (like EPA Section 608 in the US), and personal protective equipment are essential for safe handling

    How do I choose the right refrigerant for a specific application?

    Selecting the appropriate refrigerant involves evaluating:

    1) Application type (residential AC, commercial refrigeration, industrial process cooling),

    2) System design and compatibility (compressor type, heat exchanger design, lubricant compatibility),

    3) Environmental regulations (local phase-down schedules, GWP limits),

    4) Safety requirements (toxicity, flammability considerations),

    5) Thermodynamic properties (operating pressures, temperature glide for blends),

    6) Cost and availability

    7) Future-proofing against regulatory changes. Consulting with HVAC&R engineers and refrigerant specialists is recommended for optimal selection

  • Contact Us

    Feel free to contact me if you have any requirements.

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